Pages added to the Struggle site in 2001

December 2001

• International anarchist statement on the Laeken Summit in Brussles
  The Workers Solidarity Movement has signed this international anarchist statement in opposition to the EU Brussles Summit
• Irish church out of touch with needs of women with crisis pregnancies
  "As in the past, the Irish bishops' prescriptions are out of touch with how people today - including Catholics - behave in their day-to-day life."
• Abortion Bill will make Ireland an unsafe place to be pregnant
• Last week Sophie Wessex had an emergency operation to end an ectopic pregnancy and save her life. Michael Martin however, insists that such "emergency scenarios ...... would not arise".
• Alliance for a No Vote Dail picket [with photos]
  Fight the governments anti-abortion referendum. Yesterday as the Dail debated the latest anti abortion bill the Alliance for a No Vote (ANV) held a lunch time picket outside.
• Government forcing abortion vote today - under cover of Budget
  The ANV has written to Noel Ahern and to all Fianna Fail, PD and Independent TDs calling on them to legislate in accordance with how they would act themselves.
• Bin Bush, Bin Blair and Bin Bin Laden
  This was a massive demonstration, at one point stretching from Hyde park to Trafalgar square, and was much larger than the previous national anti-war demonstration in London
• Pictures from Dail demonstration protesting railroading of abortion bill
  Pictures from the Alliance for a No vote picket
• Madrid Against Capitalist Globalisation
  Report from demonstration against "social partnership" in Madrid.
• Anti War message rings in ears of US Marines at Shannon airport [with photos]
• Men, women and children have been bombed and gunned to death by US forces in Afghanistan and on Saturday 15th of December men women and children from the four corners of Ireland gathered at Shannon airport to protest at the use of that facility as a stop over and refuelling point for US death squads.
• We Are Carrying On the Struggle, Because Nothing Has Changed: Chiapaneco Indigenous
  The people mandated that we hold the position for 3 years. If we begin making mistakes, or if we create some problem, they can remove us.
• Public Security may be reentering Taniperla
  incidents and movements have taken place which are leading us to think that the repressive forces of the State Public Security Police are returning.
• The companero Pedro died from the blow he received from the paramilitaries
  We are asking for justice from the relevant authorities, that the attackers pay with everything for the death of our companero Pedro
• Shadows and light -the assassination of Digna Ochoa y Pla'cido
  When social fighters are eliminated, the Powers hold parties, sport their best finery, and let drop a few coins so that their charity might purchase indifference. There is no change above other than that dictated by fashion, and, below, injustice and poverty are repeated in faces and steps.
• House burning in Roberto Barrios
  a new attack by a group of paramilitaries took place against a house owned by Don Antonio, a member of the community
• La Florida threats against 10 de Abril
  Threats and intimidation are being inflicted on the Authorities and residents of this community, for the purpose of taking our lands away from us and occupying part of them.
• Attack on mural by ORCAO
  They painted over the mural. They burned the board where the name of the center was mentioned. The financial cost of the mural did not matter to them, nor did the human effort that was put into its creation.

November 2001

• Major Victory In Cork Anti-Bin Campaign
  Our campaign against the bin charges here in Cork received a massive boost late last week with an unexpected court victory - Cork Corporation is legally and socially bound to collect household rubbish and is not entitled to refuse to collect such rubbish on the grounds of unpaid bin tax.
•  Hunger is a weapon
  Is the U.S. Government taking advantage of the famine conditions in Afghanistan? Why are the appeals for a pause in the bombing meeting deaf ears?
• Anti-war march in Dublin [with pictures]
  Saturday November 4th saw a large anti war demonstration march through Dublin city centre. This reflects growing opposition to the US war against Afghanistan following the bombing of Red Cross warehouses, a hospital and dozens of homes.
• Anarchist Summer Camp 2002
  The Irish anarchist Summer Camp in 2002 will take place over the June Bank Holiday weekend in Achill Island, Co. Mayo
• For Security Oppose The Bombing
  is not the course of action embarked on by the British and American governments likely to increase not decrease the threat of anti-Western violence?
• Media statement about the 'Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy' Bill
  Dublin Abortion Rights Group condemns the attempt to deny suicidal women with crisis pregnancies the option of an abortion. The government is playing politics with the lives of very vulnerable women in order to retain the votes of four independent TDs.
• On the Second Reading of the 'Protection of Human Life in Pregnancy' Bill
  This is a clear case of one law for the rich and another for the poor: if you can afford to travel and pay a British clinic, go ahead. But if you can't get to Britain, suicide is preferable to abortion in the eyes of Fianna Fail and the PD's.
• Criminalised - Exiled - Silenced
  The abortion Bill that Fianna Fail and the PDs are railroading through the Dail criminalises, exiles and silences tens of thousands of Irish women
• No abortions here, says Bertie [PDF version]
  - even if you've been raped and you're suicidal
• Picket of the Dail in protest at railroading of abortion Bill [PDF version]
  The Alliance for a No Vote will picket the Dail to protest against the railroading of the Government's abortion Bill through the Committee Stage.
• Workers Solidarity 67 and [PDF file]
  Latest issue of the Irish anarchist paper
  • Millionaires go to WAR! Expect world's workers to fight for them!!
    What do Bin Laden and George Bush have in common?
  • Resistance to war
    A look at the history of anarchist and other resistance to war and the impact it has had
  • Religion & belief
    We believe that people should be empowered to be in control of their own destinies. That means opposing the power of the churches.
  • WAR on Terrorism = WAR on the innocent
    We need to build a world in which not only war but also social, political and economic inequality are abolished. Building that world requires a lot more than simply opposing this war but it does include building an anti-war movement.
  • Sectarian intimidation & North Belfast
    The horrifying ongoing scenes of sectarian intimidation outside Holy Cross Primary School in the Ardoyne area of North Belfast have shocked everyone.
  • Government wants to keep exporting women
    The government is going to have yet another abortion referendum next spring. At present abortion is only allowed in Ireland if the woman is in imminent danger of death because of her pregnancy.
  • Did you hear about democracy in SIPTU? Neither did we!
    Democracy in SIPTU? A nice idea but one we will have to fight for.
  • International anti war protests
    Although this massive mobilisation has taken place in almost spontaneous circumstances, its arrival should not surprise us. The US is clearly linked with an economic strategy ("neo-liberalism") that has brought misery and poverty to huge numbers.
  • Keep on binning the bin tax
    Reports from the campaigns in Dublin and Cork
  • Review of Case Studies in Hypocrisy and US Human Rights Policy
    A short review of two spoken word CD's by Noam Chomsky on US foreign policy
  • Grassroots activists to meet up in Dublin
    It is important that any network is independent of political organisations and that it is organised in a libertarian, grassroots manner so that everyone involved gets an equal say in decisions made.
  • That's Capitalism
    The homeless, working to death in Japan, poverty in Britain, Michael O'Leary and grants, hunger in Africa while bosses treble wealth
  • Tough on War: Tough on the causes of war
    Why anarchism is the only real alternative to war. Re-printed from the Against War and Terrorism pamphlet
  • Getting organised
    Who is behind this paper and why do we put it out? What have we been up to recently?
• PDF file of Workers Solidarity No 67
  Download, print out and distribute copies of the Irish anarchist paper
• Profits: The Prize of Intervention
  If bombing Afghanistan is making a bad situation worse, why is it being done? Might the oil and gas of Central Asia have something to do with it.
• The German revolution
  It is sometimes hard to realize the panic the European ruling class was in at the end of the First World War. From 1918 to 1924 Workers councils had appeared in Germany, Russia and Hungary, factory committees in Italy, and armed industrial war was being waged in Barcelona.
• PDF file of Media Mogul ate my hamster
  What wrong with the media and pointers to alternative media

October 2001

• Alliance for a No Vote
  New homepage for the 'Alliance for a No Vote' in Irelands latest anti-abortion referendum (the third in three decades!!)
  • Join the Alliance for a No Vote
    How to join the Alliance
  • The struggle for reproductive rights in Ireland
    A history of previous struggles around this issue in recent decades in Ireland
  • Resources on abortion rights in Ireland and internationally
    Links to pages of statistics, pro choice organisations and other useful information
  • Press release archive for the Alliance for a No Vote
    An archive of press releases from the Alliance
  • Selected press coverage of the referendum
    An archive of links to the coverage of the referendum in Irish papers
    • Bill will endanger the lives of the most vulnerable women
      Ivania Bacik on why the governments proposal is "dangerous, strange and unfeasible"
• Noam Chomsky - Five questions on the New War Against Terror
  Transcript of a talk where he looks at five questions we need to ask about this war
• Neither Fundamentalist nor imperialist barbarism!
  International anarchist statement on WTC attacks and Afghan war
  • Hverken fundamentalistisk eller imperialistisk barbari! [Danish]
    Angrebene den 11.september i USA var en barbarisk handling, som det ikke er muligt at retfærdiggøre.
• Gardai attack globalisation protest at Dublin's Burlington hotel
  A protest against an international privitisation conference at Dublin's Burlington hotel turned violent when the Gardai (Irish police) attacked protesters with batons. They were aided by a number of non uniformed men armed with sticks and torches
• A Chronology of Conflict
  Western Military Intervention in the Middle East/North Africa since 1950
• Hatred: The price of intervention
  'Operation: Enduring Freedom' is not a recipe for peace and security, it is a recipe for perpetual violence and war.
• Mark Enters His 8th Year of Wrongful Imprisonment
  Autumn bulletin from the campaign for British anarchist prisoner Mark Barnsley
• You don't have to choose sides
  The New Millennium is only a few months old and yet we return again to the recurring pattern of the last millennium and century - Mass Warfare against innocent civilians. [PDF file of this leaflet]
• 'Alliance for a No Vote' launched
  A broad coalition of organisations, which will be campaigning for a "NO" vote on the Taoiseach's abortion proposals, met in Dublin on Saturday October 6 and agreed to launch the 'Alliance for a No Vote'
• Pamphlet Against War and Terrorism
  An anarchist pamphlet with articles on terrorism, Islam, the media and building an anti-war movement. [PDF file of pamphlet]
• Against war and terror
  While we deplore the attacks on the USA and the deaths of thousands of people we are also aware that the 'retaliation' to this attack is designed to advance the control of the USA and other western powers over the people of the world
• The tragedy of Afghanistan
  Afghanistan is a tragic country. The Soviet-backed coup and subsequent invasion in 1979 ushered in more than two decades of brutal war. During the 1980's, the US supplied at least USD 32 billion [1] of military aid to the mujahadeen, the Islamic opposition to the Soviet regime
• Capitalist Terror and Madness
  Terror has a long history in the service of counter-revolution, and will always work towards undermining the very foundations of a new, free, postcapitalist, society, or even one where forces of death, oppression and exploitation are significantly weakened
• "Why do they hate us"?
  A small group of militants, hundreds or a few thousand, hated the U.S.A. so much that they spent years planning their attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. A New York anarchist looks at there motives as they related to US foreign policy.
• History of anarchist anti-imperialism
  The anarchist movement has a long tradition of fighting imperialism. This reaches back into the 1860s, and continues to the present day. From Cuba, to Egypt, to Ireland, to Macedonia, to Korea, to Algeria and Morocco, the anarchist movement has paid in blood for its opposition to imperial domination and control.
• Diversity in Islam for Absolute Beginners
  Roughly 1 in 5 of the world's population is muslim - that's over a billion people. Yet for all the talk about a global society with the telecommunication revolution bringing knowledge to the masses, what most westerners from christian backgrounds know about Islam can be written on the back of a small postage stamp
• Commissars of the Free Press
  Why don't we have a media which attempts to be unbiased and objective? Why don't we have a media which presents all relevant information rather than selecting some information for prominent display and largely rejecting other information? Why don't we have a wider diversity of opinion in the media?
• Building an antiwar movement
  The key ingredients of success in building a successful anti-war movement are confidence in ordinary people's potential, solidarity with each other and a long-term view: we have not been able to prevent the first bombs falling, but over time we can reverse the dynamic and stop the war.
• The anarchist alternative
  A successful anarchist revolution then, would result in society being organised by the free association and federation of workers (and peasants, in some countries), with decisions made directly by the people affected by them. A new era, of international solidarity, peace and co-operation is born.
• Anarchist News 26 Against capitalist war and terror
  The terrorist attacks on the USA of September 11th which killed over 6,000 people have rightly outraged not only the citizens of the US but also the vast majority of the rest of the people of the world [PDF file of Against Capitalist War and terror]
• No War but the Class War
  Against capitalism - Against the US government - Against state and fundamentalist terrorism
  [PDF file of No War but the Class War]
• I.W.A. Secretariat Statement on US terror attacks and war
  Today, United States dominates the military, economic, technological and cultural world power, so we think it is important to analyze the economic interests behind the military action
• We don't want your bloody wars [Canada/US]
  NEFAC statement - Against terrorism, against the state
• Anarchist anti-war gathering - education, discussion and planning
  Details of a meeting in Dublin
• Noam Chomsky replies to 'The Unbearable Whiteness of Chomsky's Arguments'
  On his comparison of the Sudan pharmecutical factory bombing with theWorld Trade Centre attack
• Crusade Versus Jihad
  A war against terrorism? A war for the people of Afghanistan? A war for security?
• Anti-war demonstration in Dublin [with pictures]
  Between 800 and 1,000 people marched through the centre of Dublin yesterday as part of an anti-war protest called by Globalise Resistance. This was one of many protests internationally this weekend.
• Bin tax struggle in Dublin [with pictures]
  On Thursday the 27th all the local county councillors were invited to a meeting in the Liberties to explain their position on the bin tax. On October the 1st the campaign picketed the corporations meeting at which motions to abolish the tax were meant to have been discussed.
• Updated:The National Question
  A Workers Solidarity Movement position paper
• Six questions about the war
  Six basic questions about the war answered by quotes from USA government documents and the media

September 2001

• Beach ball on O'Connell st [with pictures]
  Saturday was Car Free day throughout Europe, but not really in Dublin. So in Dublin a large group of cyclists took part in a Critical Mass cycle ride and people played beach ball on O'Connell st.
• First major anti - war meeting in Dublin
  An anti war rally in Dublin last night confirmed that opposition to Bush's war is growing as fast in Ireland as it is internationally.
• A tale of 2 meetings
  A report on two anti bin charges meetings in Dublin
• Transcripts of interviews with Noam Chomsky after the terrorist attacks on America
  Compiled from various phone and other interviews, including with the Greek, Spanish and French Press
• Against the Madness
  US anarchist statement against war and terrorism by the Workers Solidarity Alliance
• Declaration of the C.U.A.C. on the attacks on the USA
  Translation of Chilean anarchists on the S11 terror attacks on the USA, original below
• Declaracion del C.U.A.C. sobre los ataques enterritorio de EEUU [Spanish]
  El d'a 11 de Septiembre, los canales televisivos de todo el mundo transmitÏan cÛmo una serie de aviones secuestrados perpetraban una serie de atentados en contra de ciertos objetivos estratÈgicos en EEUU
• Karachaganak workers group statement against the war
  Statement from former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan and also signed by anarchists in Siberia
• America Under Attack?
  Special Editorial from the anarchist magazine Onward out of Florida
• Extract from War Against War
  by Ernst Friedrich (1924) - " in all wars the object is to protect or to seize money and property and power; and there will always be wars so long as Capital rules and oppresses the people"
• Murder is murder - open letter all soldiers
  This was written by the British syndicalist Tom Mann during World War One, he was jailed for 6 months for writing it
• War against Terrorism? Do you belive what they tell you
  PDF poster telling people alternative news is available here and on indymedia
• There is no war against terrorism only the war of those above against those below
  PDF anti-war poster for you to print out and display
• Fight the real enemies, cops, bosses, politicans
• PDF anti-war poster for you to print out and display
• War Is the Health of the State [1918]
  Randolph Bournes essay " If the State's chief function is war, then the State must suck out of the nation a large part of its energy for its purely sterile purposes of defense and aggression"
• Longshore Unions and the "War Against Terrorism"
  At the ILWU Local 10 membership meeting on Sept. 20th in San Francisco, we had an extensive discussion on Bush's declared "war on terrorism", Congress' rubber stamp approval and how it will affect longshore unions
• Updated: The Trade Unions
  Workers Solidarity Movement position paper
• Stop the War
  Anarchists deplore the attack on the World Trade Centre which killed over 6,000 people but it must not be the excuse for another imperialist war
  • Chomsky on Bin Laden, US policy and Afghanistan
    Noam Chomsky in an interview with Belgrade opposition radio B26 on Bin Laden's views and Afghanistan.
  • Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan on the terrorist attacks in the US
    RAWA states that the people of "Afghanistan have nothing to do with Osama and his accomplices" and that a US attack will only hurt these already suffering people
  • Anti-Globalization Movement must oppose war
    Lorenzo Komboa Ervin argues that not opposing the war may ultimately result in the slaying of millions, eventhe use of nuclear weapons.
  • Washington DC: Anti-Capitalist Convergence issues call against the war
    The organisers of the protests against the World Bank which were due September 26th now call for a march against capitalist war
    • PDF file of Washington DC: Anti-Capitalist Convergence issues call against the war
      A PDF version of this statement for you to print out and distribute
  • Mainstream Media Manipulation and the Gulf War
    How the US military was able to manipulate the media in the Gulf and other recent wars
  • War and Terror in the Age of Global Empire
    This wont be a war strictly between nation states, but between the powers of an imperial order and all those communities that are perceived as harbouring terroris
• Delegates from local anti Bin tax groups meet in Dublin
  Monday night saw the first real activists meeting of the Dublin Corporation area anti Bin Tax campaign. Attendance was better then expected, there with reports from over 12 areas.
• WSM articles translated into Greek
  The start of a new page of Greek translations of WSM articles
  • TRIPS and the WTO [Greek]
  • Interview with the Awareness League [Greek]
• "The S.A.S. Myth"
  A review of 'Dangerous Men' which looks at the role of the S.A.S. in popular culture.
• "Genoa beyond the hype"
  Only what we know happened, plus opinion on the day itself, divisions in the movement and the lefty anti-anarchist smear campaign
• Harass the Brass
  Mutiny in the U.S. armed forces and the role of mutiny in revolution.
• Cork Corporation has escalated its campaign in the anti-bin tax protest
  Mick Barry is the sixth member of Householders Against The Service Charges (HASC) to be jailed in the current protest.
• Demonstration in Dublin against Chinese premier Mr Zhu Rongji [with pictures]
  This week saw the official state visit of the head of the Chinese dictatorship which continues it's occupation and systematic colonization of Tibet, it's brutal state enforced one child scheme and which jails it's citizens for being part of an eccentric both totally harmless form of worship: Falun Gong
• Saturdays demonstration against the G8 in Genoa [with pictures]
  This was a huge march - almost two huge marches, in fact, because the road was divided in two by a central, grassy strip, and each side had a different group on it.
• Capitalist Globalisation and Imperialism
  An anarchist outline of imperialism today and how to fight it with a focus on the movement against Capitalist Globalisation
• Workers Solidarity No66
  The latest issue of the Irish anarchist paper
  • PDF file of WS66 for you to download
    Print out and distribute the PDF version of the paper
  • The WTO and GATS
    According to the WTO, the GATS agreements cover 160 services' sector. What few people realised when the deal was first done is that the GATS also includes healthcare, education, housing, water, waste management and other basic services usually run by government agencies.
  • Are anarchists violent?
    There is a lot of nonsense turning up on TV, radio and in the newspapers, which tries to make anarchism little more than another word for violence. In reality anarchists are no more violent than anyone else
  • The Battle for Kinsale
    The Old Head of Kinsale in Co. Cork is an area of renowned beauty. It has been enjoyed as an amenity by locals and by people from outside Kinsale who have heard of the traditional walk out along the Old Head to the lighthouse at the tip of the headland
  • Capitalism: Boom to bust? Is this as good as it gets?
    We can't say how long it will be before this downturn spreads into the rest of the economy, but we can say that it is only a question of time. Capitalism moves from slump to boom to slump
  • Council's Bin Tax Rubbished
    The Dublin Campaign against the Bin Tax is entering a crucial phase. Meetings calling for a mass campaign of non-payment have been held in various areas throughout the city.
  • What did you hear about Genoa?
    One of the interesting things to do with rolling news-coverage, such as on Sky News, is to watch how the spin changes in the course of the day.
  • Irish campaigner arrested and beaten
    The most frightening experience involved my arresting Carabinari attempting to stab me. When this happened my mind thought of people who had died of gunshot wounds in French detention and for a moment I did question my future
  • Bolivia: debtors armed with dynamite and molotovs
    In La Paz, a group of small debtors armed with dynamite and molotovs occupied the building of a banking supervisory agency. There they held hostage 94 of the institution's functionaries
  • Get involved in building anarchism in Ireland
    We need YOU to get involved. At its simplest this could be taking 10, 20, 50 copies of each issue and distributing them to your friends, workmates and neighbours
  • Restructuring and resistance: Diverse voices of struggle in western Europe
    This is an inspired book that succeeds in explaining why many people in western Europe are opposing capitalist globalisation. It does this by doing what the mainstream media will not, giving them a voice.
  • Why Mick O'Reilly was victimised
    He has been a thorn in the side of the Irish government and the Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU) bosses, being the only member of the ICTU executive to consistently oppose the 'social partnership' deals.
  • That's Capitalism
    More on the bosses crazy world
  • Athy factory occupation
    As we go to press, workers are still occupying Peerless Rugs in Athy. The plant had closed on July 4th
• NO LOGO, di Naomi Klein [Italian]
  La pubblicazione di questo libro è stata perfettamente, anche se non volutamente, tempestiva. Non si erano ancora spenti gli spot mediatici sulle manifestazioni di Seattle del 30 novembre 1999
• L'Anarchismo Rivoluzionario ed il Movimento Anti-Globalizzazione [Italian]
  E gli anarchici erano nel folto di queste proteste e di queste azioni di solidarietà, dimostrando una impressionante abilità organizzativa, acquistando in credibilità ed in consenso popolare
• Yini i-Anarcho-Syndicalism? [Zulu]
  What is Anarcho-Syndicalism? A zulu tranlation of "What is Anarcho-Syndicalism" by George Woodcock
• Against the fraud of the WCAR
  The UN World conference against Racism (WCAR) was held in August 2001 in Durban South Africa. This critique was Produced by the Anarchist Union and Bikisha Media Collective - 2 South African Anarchist groups [PDF]
• New Zabalaza books Homepage
  South African anarchist book distribution. New page includes their entire catalogue online and a long list of literature available as PDF's
• Anarxistskaya Platforma [Russian]
  Translation of the Anarchist Platform
• Manifest Libertarnogo Kommunizma [Russian]
  Translation of the Manifesto of Libertarian Communism
• Druzya Durruti [Russian}

August 2001

• Fighting Global Capitalism - PDF file
  A 16 page booklet of articles about the movement against capitalist globalisation, IMF, etc
• Kinsale protest - Three Nil
  Another beautiful sunny day and another small victory for the campaign to free the Old Head of Kinsale
• PDF file of Anarchism, Racism and the Class Struggle
  a 4 page leaflet published by South African anarchists for the UN World Conference Against Racism (WCAR)
• Another member of Householders Against the Service Charges jailed in Cork
  He is being held in Cork Prison having been sentenced to serve 5 days in jail for not paying a £70 fine under the Litter Act
• An Irish anarchist on the Black Block in Genoa [with pictures]
  Detailed account of the actions of a section of the Black Block on Fridays day of action against the Red Zone.
• We were on a peaceful protest
  Eoghan Rice on a close escape and the experience of getting tear gassed
• Irish Mexico Group PDF files
• PDF files from the Irish Mexico Group for you to print out and distribute 
• News of the anarchist prisoner Mark Barnsley
  Mark is currently in the Segregation Unit at HMP Leeds but in good spirits. It's likely he will stay there for one month and then be moved to another long term dispersal prison
• The leader of the Black Block
  All is revealed in a song
• Will the real Bakunin please stand up?
  Reply to the British SWP's distortions about the father of anarchism
• We do not want soldiers passing through
  The San Juan de la Libertad Autonomous Municipality denounces troop movements in there area
• Nicolas Ruiz rejects the constitutional reforms on indigenous rights
  Report of a Zapatista community voting against the governments law
• Globalization and Resistance, the Need to Change the Playing Field
  Analysis from the FZLN of capitalist globalisation and the resistance to it in Mexico and beyond
• Statement of Joe Moffatt who was arrested at the Genoa G8 protests
  detailed account of what happened during his arrest and jailing
• Solidarity bulletin interview with John Blair (arrested in Genoa)
  A member of the Syndicalist Solidarity Network, who took part in one of the Black Blocks and who was arrested by Italian cops is interviewed about what he witnessed in Genoa.
• Irish anarchist on the migrants march in Genoa [with pictures]
  A report of arriving in Genoa and the anarchist planning meeting for the protests
• Irish anarchist reports from Genoa [with pictures]
  The major event on Thursday was the migrants march, organised by the GSF in support of the rights of refugees and immigrants
• March in Dublin in solidarity with Genoa protests [with pictures]
  There was about 300 people there at the start later growing to 600. I noticed a number of Globalise Resistance placards which read "Remember Carlo Guialini &endash; Free Joe Moffat."
• With the Black Bloc in Genoa
  an Irish anarchist reports
• Belfast with Sunshine- Battle of Genoa
  I was one of over 200 Irish activists that marched, demonstrated and took part in direct action in the Italian city of Genoa
• Death and Terror in Genoa
  An Irish Zapatista activist reports from the heart of the White Overalls
• New Index: South African Anarchism Section
  Collecting togther all the information, articles and documents that we have about Anarchism in South Africa.
  • Anarchist Voices from South Africa
    gathers together a large collection of articles and documents by South African anarchists, organised into subjects.
• New Index: South African Anarchist & Revolutinary Syndicalist History
  • We are building up a union
    - Old Poem of the I.C.U.
  • Manifesto of the Industrial Socialist League
    - The Bolshevik, Cape Town, February 1920 "The interests of the Working Class and of the Employing Class are diametrically opposed."
  • Pamphlet of The Industrial Workers of Africa - Johannesberg, 1918 "Friend are you not a worker?"
  • Revolutionary Syndicalism and Anti-Racism in South Africa: - Between racial capitalism and revolutionary socialism: Paper presented at:The Burden of race? 'Whiteness' And 'Blackness' in modern South Africa History
• Strikewave in Nigeria
  and the claims of anarcho-syndicalist tactics by the NLC. New article from the Awareness League
• Offensive planned by the government to construct a golf course - June 27
  The El Trabajo autonomous community annouce that the army have resumed activity in the area, part of a plan they suspect to construct a golf course
• Attack on international observers in Roberto Barrios
  The autonomous zapatista community denounces threats made by an individual associated with the paramilitaries
• We started a hunger strike in protest of the government's lies
  Cerro Hueco prisoners on hunger strike against the Mexican gov. favoring moneyed men to the detriment of indigenous autonomy
• Director of Cereso 1 destroyed the protest signs
  the cells of the Zapatista prisoners on hunger strike are raided
• 5 days without a taste of food
  Currro Hueco prisoners on hungerstrike in Chiapas
• We demand that the governor of Chiapas grant our immediate liberty
  Communique' by Yajalon Prisoners on hunger strike
• Zapatista political prisoners, will remain on our feet in struggle
  the prisoners in Cerro Hueco end their hunger strike
• The Second 'Old Head of Kinsale' Protest
  It was clear to many of the protesters that the Gardai were engaging in surveillance of protesters throughout the proceedings. A number of plains clothes Special Branch officers mingled with the crowd
• ORA-S position towards imprisoned Mario Bango's case
  Solidarita on the controversy in he Czech and Slovak anarchist movements around Mario who killed a fascist in self defence
• Why you should join the WSM
  New version of the Workers Solidarity Movement membership statement
• Anarsist Platform (Turkish)
  Anarsist Platform asagida ana hatlariyla verilen amaclari kabul eden ve bu amaclarla uyumlu sekilde yerel orgutlenmeler olusturmak icin calismaya gonullu anarsistler icin hazirlanmis bir elektronik posta listesidir

July 2001

• What happened at the G8 Protests in Genoa
  An account from an Irish anarchist who was with the Black Block. Also available as a PDF file
• About the G8 meeting and the death of the comrade Carlo Giulinai
  Declaration of Chilean anarcho-communists
• Demonstrations in solidarity with Genoa anti G8 demonstrations in Dublin
  Monday 23rd July saw two separate demonstrations take place outside the Italian embassy on Northumberland Road. Both had been called to protest the savage repression of the anti - G8 Protests in Genoa.
• What did you hear about Genoa?
  Review of TV coverage of the Genoa G8 protests by an Irish anarchist
• The Battle of Kinsale
  It was glorious we walked the Old Head laughing at the indignation of the outraged golfers, basking in the sunshine and lead occasionally by a fiddler
• O que é que está mal com o G8 (In Portuguese)
  Protestos contra o G8 em Génova - A luta anti-capitalista continua. Portuguese translation of what is wrong with the G8
• 11 years of sanctions on Iraq: What are Ireland's obligations
  Details of a public meeting at Liberty Hall, Dublin, 7:30 PM, Wednesday 25th
• El anarquismo en Chile (in Spanish)
  History of the Chilean anarchist movement to 1927
• Lo viejo y lo nuevo en el anarquismo (in Spanish)
  Translation of Piotr Archinov 'The old and new in anarchism'
• El triunfo de la libertad (in Spanish)
  Las colectividades anarquistas campesinas durante la Guerra Civil Espanola, translation of Anarchist rural Collectives
• 1st de Mayo: El Día de la Protesta Obrera (in Spanish)
  Anarchis origins of May day and May day in Chile
• Conflicto secundario (in Spanish)
  El despertar de los estudiantes frente al fraude legal
• Nos ace - sinan la educaión pública!! (in Spanish)
  ¿En qué consistía esta reforma?
• El Congreso de Unificación Anarco- Comunista ante la reunión del G-8 y la muerte de Carlo Giuliani (In Spanish)
• What is wrong with the G8
  Behind closed doors decisions are made that mean our environment is sacrificed to profit, our health service is run down and privatised and millions of people continue to die for want of clean water and basic medicine.
  • PDF file of What is Wrong with the G8
• Against the slavery of the G8
  Anarchist Communist statement against the G8 that is being distributed at the Genoa protests
• What is really happening in Genoa - PDF poster
  print out and display this poster so others can find out where to get activists news from the Genoa protests
  Summary of activities of the Anti Racism Campaign to June 2001
  Events organised by the Anti Racism Campaign from the summer of 1997
• Gabriel Garci'a Ma'rquez interviews Subcomandante Marcos
  Colombian Nobel laureate interviews Marcos on his family, reading, Don Quixote and the ski mask
• Oxymoron! (The Intellectual Right and Liberal Fascism)
  Marcos on the role of intellectuals, globalized fragmentation and the danger of fascism
• A history of Guadalupe el Tepeyac
  A history of this Zapatista town whose residents have recently been able to return after a five year army occupation
  • Guadalupe el Tepeyac: We have decided to reconstruct our homes again
    A communique from the people of the town asking for help in re-constructing their town
• New Index: Anarchism and the left
  articles by anarchists about Leninism, Marxism and Social democracy
  • The Anarchist Alternative to Leninism
    A spectre is haunting the left - the spectre of anarchism. All the powers of the old left have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre
    • PDF file of the Anarchist alternative to Leninism
      A four page leaflet distributed at Marxism 2001 in London that you can print out and distribute.
• The Autonomous Industrial Colony "Kuzbass"
  Translation into English of a Russian article on an IWW colony in Russia in the years from 1922 to 1926
• Cancel the permits for the sale of the wood
  Autonomous Municipality of Francisco Gomez demands the government halts plans to fell trees in it's area
• Tree felling will only benefit the company
  Francisco Gomez again saying that the communities are divided so the tree felling should not proceed
• Salazar Mendiguchi'a and Fox using same strategies as Albores and Zedillo
  The local and national government may have changed but the Zapatista communities are still not respected
• Increase of military actions in Ricardo Flores Mago'n
  This Zapatista autonomous council reports an increase of military reinforcing, harassment and intimidation in their area
• Trotsky on 'The Makhno Movement'
  Leon Trotsky justifies his betrayal of the anarchist Makhnovist movement in the Ukraine in 1919
• Moscow workers revolt against Bolsheviks
  In early 1921 food shortages led to a strike by Moscow workers which was repressed by the Bolsheviks
• Hue and Cry Over Kronstadt by Leon Trotsky
  Trotsky, writing in 1938, defends his suppression of the Kronstadt uprising
• Ante Ciliga on Trotsky and the Kronstadt Revolt
  an ex-trotskist tries to assess the influence that Kronstadt has had on the outcome of the revolution based on the debates in the late 1930's
• Lenin's terror within the Party
  Russian anarchist, Gregory Maximoff, writes of the suppression of discussion in the Bolshevik party in the early 1920's
• Retro - politics
  Response by a Derry anarchist to an SWP/ Green Party/Foyle Basin Council proposal for a local alliance to contest elections 
• The CNT, anarchism and Spain: Challenging State and Class Power
  Does Spanish anarchism prove that state and class control is fundamentally inessential
• Collectivization in Catalonia
  Augustin Souchy on collectivization in Barcelona during the Spanish Revolution
• Ethics: Morality of the State
  Mikhail Bakunin on why the triumph of humanity can be realised only through the destruction of the state
• Assorted quotes from Mikhail Bakunin
  quotes from one of the founders of modern anarchism
• Bakunin to Nechayev on the role of secret revolutionary societies
  from the early 1870's, looks at how revolutionaries should organise and what their relationship with the people should be
• Power Corrupts the Best
  Michael Bakunin on why power and the habit of command become for even the most intelligent and virtuous men, a source of aberration, both intellectual and moral
• The capitalist system
  Michael Bakunin on how workers are exploited under the capitalist system, he also praise Das Kapital in a footnote
• Equal Opportunity in Education
  Mikhail Bakunin on why access to education for all is essential for liberation
• Manual labour, intellectual labour, equality and diversity
  Mikhail Bakunin on the need for equality in education and how this will still result in diversity
• Socialism, the state and revolutionary tactics
  Mikhail Bakunin on what socialists should be fighting for and the correct tactics during a revolution.
• Workers Solidarity No 65
• PDF file of WS65 to print out and distribute
  • Elderly evicted from nursing homes as rich get tax amnesties and politicians get bribes
  • Illegal immigrants defy Spanish government and win - Thousands of "Sin Papeles" get papers
  • Bin Tax: We are winning
  • Bin Tax: Building for the future
  • Anti-Bin Tax protestors jailed in Cork
  • Fighting Global Capitalism ..What sort of movement do we need?
  • Syndicalist unions in Siberia
  • Thinking about anarchism - Democracy, majority rule, and autonomy
  • Fighting Nice and Getting involved
  • Derry report
  • Mind your own Business: Economics at Work
  • Women on Waves ship at Dublin and Cork
  • That's capitalism
• The Meaning of Anarchism
• Russian Capitalism and the Global Economy
• El Mensaje Revolucionario de "Los Amigos de Durruti"
• Report On 'Old Head of Kinsale' Protest [with pictures]
• Another Cork bin tax protester jailed
• Die For Your Government.
• Saviors of the World

June 2001

• Stop Deportations demonstration [with pictures]
• Pro Choice ship arrives in Dublin [with pictures]
• Solidarity Bulletin, Vol 1 Issue 5
• Bin charges meeting in Harolds Cross
• PDF file: Anarchism in Action: The Spanish Civil War
• Vrontaei o Olympos
• "Abschiebung stoppen" - Kommt zur Demo!
• Join the Stop Deportations demonstration
• Campaign Against the Bin Tax grows in Dublin Corporation
• Bin charges protest at Dublin Corporation meeting
• New African anarchism home page, with a revised navigational plan

  • New North African anarchism index
  • New East African anarchism index
  • New West African anarchism index
  • New Central & Southern African anarchism index

  • Issue number 1 (April 2001) of Zabalaza magazine,
    • The neo-liberal agenda: GEAR versus the working class
    • Phansi GEAR Phasi (zulu)
    • The need for a Revolutionsry anarchist federation
    • Your Money or Your Life - the world bank, IMF, and neo-imperialism
    • The South African Aids Question
    • Zimbabwe - Land Invasions and Lesson for the working class
  • The Industrial Workers of Africa in South Africa, 1917-1921
  • Report from the Nigerian Awareness League, May 2001
• Belfast Solidarity Bulletin, Volume 1, Issue 4
• Against nationalism, against Nice
• Anti-electoral campaign launched by anarcho-syndicalists in North Ireland
• Council Bug Bins
• Kronstad 1921: Ucuncu Devrim
• Chicago Olaylarinin Tarihi [1 Mayis'in Anarsist Kokenleri]
• Who are Ya Basta?
• Round One To HASC!
• National Toll Roads Dispute
• Neutrality, Leprechauns and Moving Statues
• "Plan Columbia"

May 2001

• Vote no to the Nice treaty
  • Be a spanner in the works,not a cog in the machine
  • Nice, anarchists and globalisation
• The Friends of Durruti - A Chronology
•  In response to the cancellation of the World Bank conference in Barcelona
• Cork service charge activists released [with photos]
• Anarchism in South America
• Anarchism in Africa
• G8 Genoa Protest Call To Action
• Building Links between movements
• Campaign against service charge jailings in Cork
• Call to action against World Bank in Barcelona (22 - 27 june)
• Italian anarchist Genoa/G8 declaration
• Anarchism - A Philosophy of Action
• The Significance of Sinn Fein
• Where Casement Would've Stood Today
• The Church: Fascism Ally
• Anarchism and the Nice treaty
• Stop the jailings of Householders Against Service Charges activists in Cork
• Against Ethnic Cleansing In The Former Yugoslavia
• The policy of an anarchist organisation
• PDF file of Red & Black Revolution 5
  • Comment
  • Biotechnology, confusion, fear and protest
  • Peadar O'Donnell and the Spanish Revolution
  • Anarchism and elections
  • Review: No Logo
  • Review: Globalise this
  • Revolutionary Anarchism and the Anti-Globalization Movement
• Dublin 'May Day march' and Hope carnival 2001
• May Day and the Willam Thompson Summer School in Cork
• May Day stock exchange protest [with pictures]
• Jack White
  • A biography of Irish anarchist, Captain Jack White
  • Jack White pictures
• Excerpts from the trial speech of August Spies
• To the Boys and Girls of the Isidro Favela Neighborhood
• Words of the EZLN at City University, UNAM
• To National and International Civil Society
• EZLN guests for the Congress of the Union
• Comandante Tacho in Congress of the Union
• Comandante Zebedeo in the Congress of the Union
• Our Word for Everyone
• Words of the EZLN In Juchita'n
• The words of the comandante's in Juchita'n, Oaxaca
• Marcos reports back in Oventik
• Words of the EZLN n the 17 de Noviembre Autonomous Municipality
• Constitutional Recognition of the Rights and Culture of Latifundists and Racists
• The constitutional reform in no way answers the demands of the Indian peoples of Mexico
• The Zapatista Caravan to Mexico City
• Analysis after accompanying the initiation of the Zapatista caravan
• On the Motivations of Foreigners in the Zapatista Caravan
• SIPAZ Report on the Zapatista Caravan to Mexico City

April 2001

• Workers Solidarity No 64
  • PDF file for you to print out (and distribute)
  • It didn't start in Seattle, it won't end in Genoa
  • The fight against the Bin Charges
  • Anarchist organisations meet in Madrid
  • 'Good Friday' - 3 years on has anything changed?
  • Workers have the power
  • Irish women - still having to get the abortion boat
  • Foot and mouth
  • Attempt to curtail protest defeated
  • TRIPS and the WTO - killing millions for massive profits.
  • That's capitalism
  • Ideas and Action
  • CPSU rejects PPF revision
  • Conscription is slavery
  • Letter: Sligo bin tax and Sinn Féin
  • Red & Black Revolution no 5
• International Anarchist Communist Anti-FTAA Declaration, Québec 2001
• An anarchist celebration of May Day
• PDF: The Anarchist origins of May Day
• PDF: Anarchist May Day poster
• Tackling the 'democratic deficit'
• Updated: Belfast reclaim May Day 2001
• Belfast Solidarity Bulletin
• WSM comments page
• Updated: Anarchism and Freedom
• Updated: Anarchism in Turkey (& N. Kurdistan)
• It may be crazy to speak of revolution nowadays, but not if the world is going mad
• Updated: Our publications
• The internet
• Greeting from WSM to LibWeek 2001
• Introduction to the Anarchist Communist Association
• Press Conference held by Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos
• Words of the EZLN at the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN)
• Words of the EZLN at the National School of Anthropology and History
• To the Community of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
• The EZLN has decided to end its stay in Mexico City
• Words of the EZLN at the Iztapalapa Unit of the Autonomous Metropolitan University
• Words of the EZLN at the Xochimilco Unit of the UNAM
• Response to Fox statement
• Words of the EZLN at the Autonomous Metropolitan University - Azcapotzalco
• EZLN to accepts invitation to engage in dialogue in the Congress of the Union
• The celebration of memory is also a celebration of tomorrow
• Words of the EZLN in front of San La'zaro Legislative Palace
• Report on Ideas and Action 2001
  • Racism in Ireland - What it is and how it can be fought
  • Building anarchism in Ireland
  • Anarchism and Freedom
  • Local or global trade
• Dublin council defeated in attempt to ban demonstrations
• Protest outside US embassy against Bush's withdrawal from Kyoto agreement
• Why workers should fight GEAR
• Bangui, capital of misery
• The Zapatistas route into Mexico City
• March 8 International Day of the Rebel Woman
• Words of the EZLN in Milpa Alta, D.F.
• Words of the EZLN in Xochimilco, D.F.
• Words of the EZLN in the Zo'calo of Mexico City
• To the Residents of Mexico City
• Paths of Dignity: Indigenous Rights, Memory and Cultural Heritage
• Belfast Solidarity Bulletin, Volume 1 Issue 3
• Bricriú's Pen - An Occasional Derry Anarchist Newsletter
  • Bricriú's Pen !Peann Bhricriú 2
  • Bricriú's Pen !Peann Bhricriú 3
• 'Revolutionary War? A Contribution to the Debate about the Spanish Revolution
• Worker's Ice Pick &endash; A Response to Micheal Parenti on the Russian Revolution and the U.S.S.R.
• Bikisha Media Collective
  • Our pamphlets
    • Anti-Imperialism and National Liberation
    • Class Struggle, Capitalism and the State 
    • Fighting and Defeating Racism
    • Fighting for Women's Freedom
    • Trade Unions and Revolution
  • Other writings
    • Class struggles in South Africa: from apartheid to neo-liberalism:
  • Anarchist resources in Africa
  • African anarchist history
• The recolonisation of Africa and the future of the left
• Words of the EZLN in Morelia, Michoaca'n
• Words of the EZLN in the Otomi' Ceremonial Center, State of Mexico
• Words of the EZLN In Tepoztla'n, Morelos
• Words of the EZLN In Cuernavaca, Morelos
• Words of the EZLN in Iguala, Guerrero
• Words of the EZLN in Cuautla, Morelos
• Comandanta Esther in the Congress of the Union
• Comandante David in Congress of the Union
• Mexican Army Abandons Ri'o Euseba Camp in Chiapas
• Pictures of anti-racist picket at Bertie Ahern's consituency office

February 2001

• PDF:Poster about Zapatista march on Mexico City, Feb 2001
• PDF: Chiapas revealed (24 page magazine)
  • What is it that is different about the Zapatistas?
  • S26 - Zapatistas take Prague?
  • Fair Trade Organic Coffee from Chiapas
• Federal legislators we invite you to accompany this march
• Press conference for February 22
• We welcome the resolution by the Permanent Committee of the Congress of the Union
• Marcos FAQ on EZLN march to Mexico City
• Marcos on peace, 3 Conditions and globalisation
• PDF:Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists
• Nigeria - No political repression?
• Anarchism and divisions in our class
• Central African Republic: You see how we suffer?
• Democracy for our unions
• The Socialist Alliance project
• Article d'anarchiste en français
  • Un récit des événemnets de Prague
• A practical guide to anarchist organisation
  • How to find an anarchist group where you live
  • How to evaluate any group you find
  • Contributing to an anarchist group
  • Setting up an anarchist group
  • Internal meetings
  • Finance
• PDF: Sex, Class and womens oppression
• PDF: Why Reclaim the Streets
• PDF: Corruption drives the system
• PDF: What is Socialism from Below
• PDF: Stalin didn't fall from the moon
• PDF: Parliament or democracy
• PDF: Red & Black Revolution No3 is now available as a PDF file
• Is the instability of Somalia due to the weakness of the state?
• Plataforma Anarquista
• Belfast reclaim May Day 2001
• Bolshevik Opposition to Lenin: G. T. Miasnikov and the Workers' Group
• Solidarity (ORA-S) replies to the statement of FSA-IWA
• Influencias anarquistas en la Revolución Mexicana
• New Index: Workers Solidarity Movement PDF files
  • Workers Solidarity No 62 PDF file
  • Red & Black Revolution No 4 PDF file
  • Print out and distribute the latest Workers Solidarity
  • PDF file of Workers Solidarity No60
  • PDF file of Workers Solidarity No61
  • The SWP's very peculiar 'Anarchism'
  • A history of the fight against the Water Charges in Dublin
  • A history of the 1798 Rebellion in Ireland
  • The Anarchist Platform
• Zapatista support bases holding demonstration in San Cristo'bal de Las Casas
• Today we zapatistas are demonstrating in this city of San Cristo'bal de Las Casas
• EZLN has offered to mediate between Fox and the Cocopa
• We ask the P'urhepecha brothers to allow us to come to their community
• How are we going to eat with our ski-masks on?
• Marcos Interview by Carlos Monsiva'is and Hermann Bellinghausen
• Cerro Hueco prisoners support the 3 demands
• Recipients of the World, Unite
• While they discuss ski-masks or no ski-masks
• To the community of Tephe
• The detailed route and the scheduled dates of EZLN trip to DF
• To the Cybernauts

January 2001

• Sinn Fein and Labour help to introduce Dublin bin charges
• Africa, neo-liberalism and anarchism
• Anarchist articles on Revolt translated into Spanish
  • El Levantamiento de los Obreros Rusos de Novocherkassk, 1962
  • El Levantamiento del Día de San Elías en Macedonia
  • La primera comuna libertaria de Bulgaria
  • Breve Historia del Anarquismo en Polonia
• Artículos de Anarquismo del WSM en español
  • Cuando la Bandera Roja ondeó en Munster
  • La Rebelión de 1798
  • El Soviet de Limerick de 1919
  • El Movimiento Anarquista Coreano
  • Anarquismo en la tierra del Sol Naciente
  • La Comuna de Paris
  • 1974 - 25 aniversario de la Revolución Portuguesa - 1999
  • Paris 1968
  • El anarquismo y el movimiento ambiental
• Workers Solidarity No. 62 Jan/Feb 2001
• HTML pages below buts its also available as a PDF file
  • Anarchism and the struggle for Freedom
  • Fighting racism is not a crime
  • Bin charges struggle continues
  • News from the WSM
  • That's capitalism
  • Africa, anarchism & neo-liberalism
  • Why can't you all get together?
  • What is anarchism? Who are the WSM
  • Refugee Act - denying rights
  • If TDs can get a £10,000 pay rise, why can't the rest of us?
  • ASTI: teachers show the way but we need solidarity, not 'special cases'!
  • Review:Analysing the Celtic Tiger
  • The media and the anti capitalist globalisation movement - Learning from Nice
• The Beginning of the KAS in Russia (part 2 added)
• 2 years without vocho, TV's or little shops
• The Xi'Nich and Las Abejas marchers who reached Mexico City
• Don Amado Avendano has acquitted himself well
• We are worried, as is everyone, about Popocate'ptl
• 3 years since the Acteal killings
• Paramilitary action in Santa Fe El Duraznal
• Withdrawing with a great public show
• Federal Army withdrew from Amador Herna'ndez
• We are asking for your understanding and support
• A lie in order to attempt to destabilize our organization
• The land belongs to the zapatista companeros
• Seventh Anniversary of the Zapatista Uprising
• The rains are scratching about
• The Zapatista Information Center
• 7 years from what we call "the other uprising."
• We wish to invite a delegation from the National Indigenous Congress
• We might drop in at Cancun
• First information about its delegation's trip to the Federal District
• Mark Barnsley rejects parole
• Oscar Wilde : The soul of man under Socialism
• Interview mit der russischen anarchistischen Zeitung "Autonomist", veroeffentlicht von Autonomous Action
• Apresentação
• Seção Geral
• Seção Construtiva
• Seção Organizacional
• New index: Congreso de Unificación Anarco-Comunista
  • Estatutos del Congreso de Unificación Anarco-Comunista
  • Manifiesto comunista libertario
  • The position of the anarchists towards Pinochet's case
• Mali: Take one large desert, one large river...
• Burkina Faso: Big men and Little people
• the Cote de Khaki
• Pray for Ghana
• Togo: Four glorious days
• Benin - sightseeing
• Lagos the great
• Nigeria, bubblin'
• Cameroun - Cameroon - Kamerun

 This page is an archive of items added to Revolt before those that appear on the 'What's New on Struggle' page which covers the last three months. This is the index for 2001, there is also an index for 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003.