Zapatista new year

filed Jan 1999


Sunlight pours in through the "windows" of the half-built church in Diez de Abril, lighting up the bright clothes of the people squatting inside on low wooden benches. One after another both men and women get up to speak, serious, angry and hurt. Occasionally there is a pause for translation into Spanish for some visitors who are down from the Northern states, women who have come as witnesses and to show solidarity with the indigenous resistance. The service goes on for several hours, harsh voices in Tzeltal and Tojolabal echoing around the bare concrete walls of the hall. It is December 22nd, the first anniversary of the massacre at Acteal when 45 unarmed indigenous peasants were gunned down by "Ma'scara Roja"paramilitaries, while a police patrol waited only 500 metres away, allowing the assassins several hours to complete the slaughter. They used military-issue weapons (supplied directly by the army) that fire a special type of bullet which explodes on impact. Many of the dead were found with huge, gaping holes in their backs where these bullets had entered their bodies.

Talking to the people here I am grateful that there are few paramilitaries based in the area around Diez de Abril. But as we finally stream out into the open air, beginning to chat among ourselves again, an army helicopter flies low over our heads. This is part of the constant psychological war of nerves the government is waging against the communities, reminding them just how precarious the situation is. In fact there are thousands of soldiers in camps all around us, ready for the next raid the government decides to launch on these "criminals" who have dared to demand that there be justice, freedom and democracy in Mexico.

My friend Antonio merely shrugs at the noise of the rotor blades above. It's a daily occurrence by now and besides, there is work to be done bringing maize from the milpas several miles away to feed his family. Many of the crops will be harvested late this year due to the freak weather conditions earlier on, which would normally mean a period of near starvation for the peasants, forced to live and farm on the poorest of land. Yet since they occupied this ranch over three years ago there has been access to good, fertile land and even the young people - for whom there was formerly no land to be had and hence no future except in the huge sprawling slums of the cities - have been given plots to work and to build their small wooden houses on. 1998 has been hard, of course, but Diez de Abril has survived. Land is a vital part of the Zapatista struggle.

The former landowners are not happy. They complain angrily that the EZLN is still occupying over 40,000 hectares of the most productive land in Chiapas, neglecting to say that these ranches would formerly have been in the hands of less than a hundred families, while the indigenous labourers were paid less than a pound a day for their work. Things have come to a head this Christmas as the government party has managed to win a couple of local municipalities, using a new and more ingenious system of fraud. Even so they can only boast of having won the votes of 15% of the electorate, a curious kind of "legitimacy". It has given the local oligarchy the excuse to threaten mass evictions from the occupied farms, driving the descendents of Mexico's first inhabitants back into oblivion. The 1st of January seems like a likely date for this to begin. Tension is very high. Nobody knows what to expect.

New Year's Day passes off peacefully in the end. The official PRI party has been forced into negotiations with some of the opposition groups and there is a brief respite for the men, women and children of the maize fields. Nevertheless they are still nervous of what the last year of the millenium may bring. The previous 500 have not been easy.


More on Diez de April


To the Mexico page